Question

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. The smartphone has quietly rewired the human relationship with memory. For centuries, remembering facts, routes and dates was a survival skill; today, most of that labour is delegated to a device in the pocket. Psychologists call this the "Google effect": people are measurably less likely to retain information they believe can be retrieved online in seconds. In laboratory tests, participants who typed facts into a computer remembered far fewer of them than those who wrote the same facts by hand. Yet the picture is not entirely bleak. The same technology that erodes rote recall has expanded what psychologists call transactive memory — the shared store of knowledge held across a group. A student who cannot recite a formula may still know exactly where to find it, how to verify it, and whom to trust. The skill has shifted from storage to navigation. The real danger, researchers warn, is confusion between access and understanding. Fluency at searching can create an illusion of competence: because an answer is one click away, the brain tags the problem as solved. Examinations, unfortunately, still test the mind without its prosthesis — which is why the students who rely most on their devices often perform worst when the devices are taken away. What is the central idea of the passage?