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Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : vast but still poorly understood by scientists

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Detailed Solution

सही उत्तर vast but still poorly understood by scientists है।

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Question:

Read the passage and answer the question. When the first draft of the human genome was announced, scientists expected to find well over a hundred thousand genes. The actual count was closer to twenty thousand, and the surprise ran deeper: only about two percent of our DNA carries instructions for building proteins. The remaining ninety-eight percent, once dismissed as junk, is now the focus of intense research. Some of it regulates when genes switch on and off; some of it shapes how chromosomes fold; much of it remains a mystery. Geneticists have taken to calling this vast non-coding territory the genome's dark matter, borrowing the astronomers' term for something whose presence is certain but whose nature is unknown. Far from being filler, it may hold the key to why humans differ so much despite sharing nearly all their genes. In the passage, the phrase the genome's "dark matter" suggests that non-coding DNA is

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harmful material that should be removed from the genome
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a recent artificial addition to human chromosomes
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less important than the genes that build proteins
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vast but still poorly understood by scientists

Correct Answer: vast but still poorly understood by scientists

The passage compares non-coding DNA to astronomers' dark matter: its presence is certain but its nature is unknown, so it is vast yet poorly understood.

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