Question

[1]. Passage: A river in a city is often treated as a drain, yet its revival changes far more than water quality. When banks are reclaimed from encroachment, floodplains regain room to absorb monsoon surges, groundwater recharges, and birds return to reed beds that had vanished. Restoration fails when it is reduced to beautification: concrete embankments and ornamental lawns may look tidy but they destroy the shallow edges where fish breed and where floodwater spreads safely. Successful projects therefore protect the river's natural gradient, reconnect old channels, involve riverside communities in monitoring, and judge success by ecological indicators rather than by photographs of a promenade. What is the central argument of the passage?

1.
Natural and social systems should be left entirely untouched by human policy.
2.
Only examination results can judge whether a school or project has succeeded.
3.
Technology should be banned from every classroom and home without exception.
4.
True river restoration must restore floodplains, gradients and habitats and be judged by ecological outcomes, not by beautification.
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : True river restoration must restore floodplains, gradients and habitats and be judged by ecological outcomes, not by beautification.

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Detailed Solution

सही उत्तर True river restoration must restore floodplains, gradients and habitats and be judged by ecological outcomes, not by beautification. है।

Key Points

The passage builds its case paragraph by paragraph toward this central claim; the other options contradict its balanced, qualified position.

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Question:

[1]. Passage: A river in a city is often treated as a drain, yet its revival changes far more than water quality. When banks are reclaimed from encroachment, floodplains regain room to absorb monsoon surges, groundwater recharges, and birds return to reed beds that had vanished. Restoration fails when it is reduced to beautification: concrete embankments and ornamental lawns may look tidy but they destroy the shallow edges where fish breed and where floodwater spreads safely. Successful projects therefore protect the river's natural gradient, reconnect old channels, involve riverside communities in monitoring, and judge success by ecological indicators rather than by photographs of a promenade. What is the central argument of the passage?

1.
Natural and social systems should be left entirely untouched by human policy.
2.
Only examination results can judge whether a school or project has succeeded.
3.
Technology should be banned from every classroom and home without exception.
4.
True river restoration must restore floodplains, gradients and habitats and be judged by ecological outcomes, not by beautification.

Correct Answer: True river restoration must restore floodplains, gradients and habitats and be judged by ecological outcomes, not by beautification.

The passage builds its case paragraph by paragraph toward this central claim; the other options contradict its balanced, qualified position.

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