Question

[5]. Passage: The deep sea remains the least mapped environment on Earth, darker, colder and under greater pressure than any place humans routinely visit. Submersibles have revealed hydrothermal vents where life thrives without sunlight, challenging textbook accounts that tied all food chains to photosynthesis. Yet each expedition also exposes how sampling bias distorts knowledge: vents and ridges are studied intensively while vast abyssal plains are barely sampled. Claims about mineral wealth or new species therefore rest on fragments. Honest exploration must report what was not seen, protect fragile vents from hasty extraction, and accept that the ocean floor will revise many confident generalisations. What is the tone and purpose of the passage?

1.
Purely celebratory, praising every current practice without criticism.
2.
Nostalgic, arguing that an earlier age had already solved the problem.
3.
Mocking and dismissive, treating the subject as unworthy of serious study.
4.
Cautious and scientific, stressing incomplete evidence over confident claims.
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Cautious and scientific, stressing incomplete evidence over confident claims.

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Detailed Solution

सही उत्तर Cautious and scientific, stressing incomplete evidence over confident claims. है।

Key Points

The tone can be judged from the passage's qualifications, criticisms and recommendations, which match the correct option.

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Question:

[5]. Passage: The deep sea remains the least mapped environment on Earth, darker, colder and under greater pressure than any place humans routinely visit. Submersibles have revealed hydrothermal vents where life thrives without sunlight, challenging textbook accounts that tied all food chains to photosynthesis. Yet each expedition also exposes how sampling bias distorts knowledge: vents and ridges are studied intensively while vast abyssal plains are barely sampled. Claims about mineral wealth or new species therefore rest on fragments. Honest exploration must report what was not seen, protect fragile vents from hasty extraction, and accept that the ocean floor will revise many confident generalisations. What is the tone and purpose of the passage?

1.
Purely celebratory, praising every current practice without criticism.
2.
Nostalgic, arguing that an earlier age had already solved the problem.
3.
Mocking and dismissive, treating the subject as unworthy of serious study.
4.
Cautious and scientific, stressing incomplete evidence over confident claims.

Correct Answer: Cautious and scientific, stressing incomplete evidence over confident claims.

The tone can be judged from the passage's qualifications, criticisms and recommendations, which match the correct option.

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